Preventing heat-related illness.

The arrival of summer signals long, hot days outside. But as temperatures and humidity go up, so does the risk of heat-related illness. To help ensure a safe, healthy summer, make sure you know how to prevent, recognize and treat heat-related illness.

To work properly, our bodies need to maintain a core temperature of about 37°C at all times. Body temperature is tightly controlled by a "thermostat" in a part of the brain called the hypothalamus. When the body's core temperature rises above its "set point" the hypothalamus turns on various systems to help us lose excess heat. These include:

• faster, shallower breathing
• increased blood flow to the skin
• sweating.
• Heavy sweating without replacing lost fluids can lead to dehydration and heat cramps. If the body cannot shed enough heat for any reason, there is a risk of heat exhaustion and, in extreme cases, heat stroke - a medical emergency.
  Heat cramps, heat exhaustion and heat stroke are more common risks forchildren and teens who engage in prolonged or intense physical activity in the sun for example during sports practice. For other children, the main heat-related illness to consider is dehydration.
• • The body tries to shed excess heat when its core temperature rises above 37°C. It is harder to shed excess heat in high temperatures, high humidity and direct sunlight.
  • Dehydration is the most common heat-related illness. If you suspect dehydration, take your child to a cool area and give them water or clear juice.
  • If dehydration is not treated correctly or if children are engaged in prolonged activity in direct sunlight, they can also develop heat cramps, heat exhaustion and, in severe cases, heat stroke.
  • To prevent a heat-related illness, stay out of direct sunlight, especially between 10am and 2pm, rest in shady areas, have your child drink water and dress them in lightweight, light-coloured and loose clothing.